Download The Ultimate Challenge: The 3x+1 Problem PDF EPUB
Author: Jeffrey C. Lagarias
Pages: 348
Size: 1.251,12 Kb
Publication Date: January 14,2011
Category: Mathematics
The $3x+1$ problem, or Collatz problem, concerns the next seemingly innocent arithmetic procedure put on integers: If an integer $x$ is odd then “multiply by three and add one”, while if it’s also then “divide by two”. The $3x+1$ issue asks whether, beginning with any positive integer, repeating this process again and again will ultimately reach the quantity 1. These are accompanied by three study papers on the issue, relating it to quantity theory and dynamical systems, to Markov chains and ergodic theory, and Generalizations of the issue are regarded as undecidable, and the issue itself is thought to be extraordinarily hard. This book reviews on what’s known upon this problem. The reserve starts with two introductory papers, one giving a synopsis and current position, and the next giving history and simple results on the issue. It includes a collection of papers, which may be read independently of every other. Despite its basic appearance, this issue is unsolved.
See also
- Opera De Cribro (Colloquium Publications) (American Mathematical Society Colloquium Publications)
- Axiomatic Geometry (Pure and Applied Undergraduate Texts) (Sally: Pure and Applied Undergraduate Texts)
- Mathematical Circle Diaries, Year 1: Complete Curriculum for Grades 5 to 7 (MSRI Mathematical Circles Library)