The First Dynasty of Islam: The Umayyad Caliphate A. D. 661-750

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The Umayyad period was a crucial one for the de­velopment of Islam and Islamic culture. TEXT-INDENT: 0in”>Hawting provides an introductory survey of the period of the Umayyad dynasty. By the time the dynasty was over­thrown, the Arabic languages and culture had made substantial progress among the many non-Arab conquered peoples, many of the religious and social features that we recognize as distinctly Islamic had begun to crystallize, and large numbers of the sub­ject peoples had entered Islam. The historical evi­dence is often susceptible to widely differing in­terpretations. TEXT-INDENT: 0in”> Â

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